资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
剧版《三体》开播 短视频“降维”解读******
科幻超级IP拥有众多拥趸 网友称基本还原原著
剧版《三体》开播 短视频“降维”解读
根据刘慈欣原作改编的电视剧《三体》1月15日首播,距剧版《三体》首次公布影视化消息已经过去7年。
科幻题材
揭开“三体”世界神秘面纱
剧版《三体》由杨磊执导——他此前曾执导过电视剧《红色》。演员方面,张鲁一、于和伟、陈瑾、王子文、林永健、李小冉等领衔主演,中央电视台、腾讯视频等出品。开播当天,刘慈欣发文推荐,“2006年,科幻小说《三体》开始连载,作者同读者一起,经历了一段想象中的未来史,领略了一个虽然可能性很小的但仍然有可能的未来。很高兴如今能够通过不同的方式,再次与大家一起进入《三体》所描述的想象世界。”
作为科幻题材中的超级IP,刘慈欣的科幻小说《三体》拥趸众多。该剧讲述了地球基础科学研究遭遇异常扰动,引发科学界惶恐动荡,纳米物理学家汪淼(张鲁一饰)与刑警史强(于和伟饰)联手调查,共同揭开了地外未知文明“三体”世界的神秘面纱,并随全人类一道与即将入侵的三体人展开博弈的故事。
观众反馈
于和伟和张鲁一的对手戏看着好过瘾
《三体》开播至今,收获的评价还算不错。有网友留言:“看了第一集,感觉很好,说明《三体》还是应该当作正剧来拍,而不是一个爽剧。当然选择第一部作为切入也很合适,因为第一部确实是三体中最现实的一部,是这个宏大科幻故事离观众生活最近的一部,正好也发挥真人电视剧的特长……总的来说,从本片使用了大量书中原台词的感觉来看,团队还是相当尊重大刘原著,基本是以还原原著为目的,希望后面几集也能如此,那我会一直追下去。”有网友点赞:“于和伟和张鲁一的对手戏真的太精彩了,两个人的演技碰撞在一起,让人看得好过瘾。”
自然,也有网友觉得剧版《三体》门槛过高,有网友在看完第一集后,忍不住吐槽:“很还原原著,目前没有任何方面拉垮,但是剧和原著有同样的问题,那就是门槛很高,没有原著基础的人容易看不懂,还觉得节奏慢。”也有网友认为:“电视剧这次像是特意为读过原著的粉丝拍的,时间线来回穿插各种闪回,对路人不是太友好,看着可能会觉得故弄玄虚。”
剧集之外
《降维解读报告》上线解惑
网友这方面的担心,制作方看来早有预判。开播前,《三体》电视剧制作方就与《中国国家天文》杂志进行的特别企划,邀请中国科学院国家天文台研究员陈学雷、中国科学院国家天文台项目研究员王汇娟、中国科学院国家纳米科学中心研究员谢黎明、中国科学院高能物理研究所研究员张双南等,推出三到五分钟的短视频《降维解读报告》,对《三体》及宇宙相关知识进行解读。比如张双南讲解,“身为比质子更小的粒子,夸克真的存在吗?”“如何研究宇宙线?它们来自哪里,又将揭晓怎样的宇宙未解之谜?”而谢黎明某一期的主题是,“审判日号即将抵达巴拿马运河,生存危机一触即发,人类究竟该何去何从?”
《降维解读报告》吸引了不少粉丝、天文爱好者等不同人群。对《三体》感兴趣但并未阅读过小说的闫女士表示,《降维解读报告》上线后便第一时间观看了更新内容,主要是自己对《三体》及天文知识了解较少,担心看剧集时无法跟上节奏,因此想在前期多下点功夫。
文/本报记者 杨文杰 统筹/刘江华
《北京青年报》2023年1月18日第A12版
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)